Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst

Abstract In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to new potential heterogeneous base catalyst biodiesel production. The was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C 8 hrs. One factor time experimental design used vary the operating conditions of (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It established that optimum maximum yield 93 % using novel achieved reaction 90 min, 60 °C, 3wt% weight 30 wt%. synthesized compared with waste Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determine efficiency conversion from catalyst. modification after also analysed spectroscopic technique confirm any changes in functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical physical properties were measured based on American Society Testing Materials (ASTM) international standards biodiesel.